Advisers

Nilmar P. Plata, MSCJ

Discipline

Criminology

Abstract

Overcrowding occurs when the number of Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs) exceeds the designed capacity of a facility, resulting in constrained living space, elevated health risks, and heightened challenges in maintaining security and order. This study assessed the physical, sociological, and environmental impacts of overcrowding on PDLs within the Quezon City Jail male dormitory. A quantitative descriptive design was employed, surveying 50 individuals—including 30 PDLs, 10 jail personnel, and 10 visitors—selected through random sampling to ensure diverse perspectives. data were collected via a structured questionnaire addressing physical health, social interactions, and environmental conditions. Researchers obtained informed consent, administered the surveys in person, and secured completed questionnaires to maintain confidentiality. Assessment of the physical impact revealed an overall weighted mean of 3.59, indicating that respondents strongly agreed overcrowding adversely affected personal health and well‑being. Sociological effects received an overall weighted mean of 3.47, reflecting strong agreement that limited space and resources strained social relations and cooperation. The environmental impact yielded a weighted mean of 3.44, signifying strong agreement that overcrowding degraded living conditions through poor sanitation and inadequate ventilation. The findings highlighted that overcrowding significantly undermined PDLs’ physical health, social cohesion, and environmental quality. As a result, policy interventions such as capacity limits, infrastructure expansion, and enhanced health services were identified as priorities. These recommendations aim to guide more effective management strategies and improve living conditions for PDLs in Philippine detention facilities.

Keywords

physical health, jail management, overcrowding, environmental conditions, sociological impact, policy intervention