Abstract
This study examines the impact of the decommissioning program for Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) combatants and weapons on peace and security in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). As a central component of the Bangsamoro peace process, the program aims to facilitate disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) to promote long-term stability and conflict transformation in the region. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews from key stakeholders, including former combatants, community leaders, and government representatives. The study assessed the effectiveness of the program in advancing disarmament, reintegration, and peacebuilding outcomes, as well as the challenges affecting its sustainability. Findings indicate that the decommissioning program has contributed significantly to initiating peacebuilding processes through collaborative disarmament and stakeholder engagement. Localized reductions in armed violence were observed. However, major challenges persist, including uneven socio-economic support, limited psychosocial reintegration services, and politicized access to livelihood, education, and healthcare programs. The continued presence of clan conflicts (rido), residual arms, and political rivalries undermines long-term security gains. Community perceptions of safety remain cautious, reflecting mistrust linked to incomplete disarmament and ongoing localized tensions. The study concludes that disarmament alone is insufficient to secure lasting peace in BARMM. Sustainable peace requires holistic approaches that integrate human security, inclusive governance, equitable benefit distribution, and culturally grounded reconciliation initiatives. Strengthened institutional coordination, transparent program implementation, and sustained multi-stakeholder collaboration are critical to reinforcing post-conflict stability. The findings provide empirical insights for policymakers and peace practitioners seeking to enhance DDR implementation and strengthen governance frameworks in conflict-affected regions.
